城市化对句容不同山区繁殖鸟类多样性和空间分布的影响毕业论文

 2021-04-20 11:04

摘 要

鸟类对栖息地的组成和环境变化非常敏感,是城市生态环境和生物多样性的重要指示物种。随着我国城市化快速推进,开展城市背景下的鸟类学研究,显得尤为重要。本文以句容山区为研究地,通过距城市中心距离将宝华山、茅山、赤山和九龙山划为不同的城市化干扰尺度,并于2016年-2018年夏季采用样线法调查四座山区繁殖鸟类的种类和数量,分析不同城市化梯度对鸟类多样性和空间分布的影响。研究结果表明:赤山地区共记录鸟类67种,茅山地区共记录鸟类55种,宝华山地区共记录鸟类72种,瓦屋山地区共记录鸟类61种。四座山脉的鸟类多样性指数从大到小依次为:宝华山>赤山>茅山>瓦屋山;鸟类优势度指数从大到小排列为:瓦屋山>茅山>赤山>宝华山;鸟类均匀度指数从大到小排列为:宝华山>茅山>赤山>瓦屋山,且鸟类多样性具有显著差异(t=3.325,P=0.007)。该结果表明城市化干扰程度越严重的区域,鸟类多样性相对较低,鸟类的优势种越明显且鸟类分布也越不均匀。但赤山地区的城市化干扰程度适中,其鸟类多样性得到了提高,符合中度干扰假说。瓦屋山地区生境以乡村为主,人为干扰活动使得鸟类多样性大大降低。该研究结果有利于深入了解该区域鸟类资源分布情况,有助于该区域的生物多样性保护。

关键词:城市化;鸟类多样性;干扰;句容山区

Effects of urbanization on the diversity and spatial distribution of breeding birds in different mountain areas

ABSTRACT

Birds are very sensitive to habitat composition and environmental changes and are important indicator species for urban ecological environment and biodiversity. With the rapid advancement of urbanization in China, the study of ornithology in urban context is particularly important. This paper takes Jurong Mountain as the research area, and divides Baohua Mountain, Maoshan, Chishan and Wawushan into different urbanization interference scales from the distance from the city center.In the summer of 2016-2018, the type and quantity of breeding birds in four mountainous areas were investigated by the sample line method, and the effects of different urbanization gradients on bird diversity and spatial distribution were analyzed.

The results showed that 67 species of birds were recorded in the Chishan area, 55 species were recorded in the Maoshan area, 72 species were recorded in the Baohuashan area, and 61 species were recorded in the Wawushan area. The diversity index of the four mountains ranges from large to small: Baohuashangt;Chishangt;Maoshangt;Wawushan; the bird dominance index is ranked from large to small: Wawushangt;Maoshangt;Chishangt;Baohuashan;the bird uniformity index is ranked from large to small: Baohuashangt;Maoshangt;Chishangt;Wawushan, and the bird diversity was significantly different (t=3.325, P=0.007).The results show that the more severe the degree of urbanization, the relatively low diversity of birds, the more dominant species of birds and the more uneven the distribution of birds.However, the degree of urbanization in Chishan is moderate, and the diversity of birds is improved, which is consistent with the moderate interference hypothesis. The habitat of the Wawushan area is dominated by the countryside, and the disturbance of human activities greatly reduces the diversity of birds.The results of this study are conducive to in-depth understanding of the distribution of bird resources in this region and to the conservation of biodiversity in this region.

Keywords: urbanization, bird diversity, interference, Jurong Mountain Area

目 录

引言…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1 研究概况………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2

1.1 城市化概况……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2

1.1.1 城市化的定义和特点………………………………………………………………………………………2

1.1.2 城市化对动物生存的危害………………………………………………………………………………2

1.2 城市鸟类生态学进展……………………………………………………………………………………………2

1.2.1 环境因子对鸟类群落组成的影响……………………………………………………………………2

1.2.2 城市不同生境对鸟类多样性的影响………………………………………………………………3

1.2.3 鸟类对环境改变的适应性………………………………………………………………………………3

1.3 城市化对鸟类多样性的影响…………………………………………………………………………………… 4

1.3.1 对鸟类生存环境的影响……………………………………………………………………………………4

1.3.2 城市化进程中的鸟类招引………………………………………………………………………………4

2 材料与方法…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6

2.1 研究地区……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6

2.2 研究方法……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7

2.2.1 调查方法…………………………………………………………………………………………………………6

2.2.2 数据处理…………………………………………………………………………………………………………7

3 结果………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9

3.1 鸟类物种组成……………………………………………………………………………………………………………9

3.2 鸟类的居留型和区系型组成…………………………………………………………………………………11

3.3 鸟类多样性及空间分布…………………………………………………………………………………………12

4 讨论………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14

4.1 城市化对句容繁殖鸟类群落的影响………………………………………………………………………14

4.2 城市化对句容繁殖鸟类多样性的影响……………………………………………………………………14

4.3 城市化对句容繁殖鸟类优势种组成的影响……………………………………………………………15

5 建议……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………16

致 谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………17

参 考 文 献 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18

附 录 鸟类名录……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………20

引言

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