摘 要

江苏省作为沿海经济大省，是我国重要的滨海湿地区。本研究通过实地调查和资料收集，统计到盐城滩涂湿地中共有种子植物205种，隶属54科162属，包括裸子植物3科5属5种，被子植物51科157属201种，其中双子叶植物有42科117 属146 种，单子叶植物有9 科40 属54 种。在这些植物中，生活型主要有乔木、草本、灌木、藤本 4 种类型，其中草本植物170种，占植物总数的82.93%，是该地区植物区系的最重要的组成成分，占绝对的优势。根据吴征镒、王荷生的世界种子植物科、属的分布区类型系统，将盐城滩涂湿地植物的54科分为12分布区类型， 162个属划分为 15 个分布区类型，区系十分复杂。同时，通过植物用途将沿海湿地滩涂植物资源分为五大类型:食用植物资源、药用植物资源、芳香植物资源、观赏植物资源和工业原料植物资源。整个盐城湿地虽面积广阔，生境类型丰富，但整个湿地资源现状不容乐观，且有许多亟待解决的问题，着手现有植物的合理开发利用和保护是当务之急。

关键词：盐城；湿地；滩涂植物；植物资源

The Investigation on vegetation resources in Yancheng wetland

ABSTRACT

As a large coastal economy province, Jiangsu Province is an important coastal wetland area in China. This study is based on field surveys and data collection, there are 205 species of seed plants in Yancheng costal wetlands, which belonging to 54 families 162 genera, including Gymnosperms 3 families 5 genera 5 species, angiosperms 51 families 157 genera 201 species, of which dicotyledons has 42 families 117 genera 146 species, monocots 9 families 40 genera and 54 species. In these plants, the life type is mainly arbor, herb, shrub, and liana, of which 170 herb species taking total 82.93% of all plants. It is the most important flora constituent in this region, which occupying the absolute superiority. According to the World Seed Plant Families and Genera Distribution System by Wu Zhengyi and Wang Hesheng, the 54 families of Yancheng costal wetlands plants were divided into 12 distribution types, and 162 genera divided into 15 distribution types, showing a complex flora composition. At the same time, the plant resources of coastal wetlands were divided into five types: food, medical, aromatic, ornamental and industrial resources. Although the whole wetland area is wide and rich in habitat type, the present situation of wetland resources is not optimistic, and there are many urgent problems to be solved. It is imperative to embark on the rational exploitation and protection of existing plants.

Key words：Yancheng; wetland and low beach plant; plant resource

目 录

1 引言……………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 国内外研究进展………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.1 国外研究进展……………………………………………………………1

1.1.2 国内研究进展……………………………………………………………1

1.2 研究目的和意义………………………………………………………………………3

2 研究区域概况和调查方法………………………………………………………………4

2.1 研究区域概况………………………………………………………………………4

2.2 研究内容及方法……………………………………………………………………4

2.2.1 研究内容………………………………………………………………………4

2.2.2 研究方法………………………………………………………………………4

3 结果与分析……………………………………………………………………………5

3.1 植物区系组成………………………………………………………………………5

3.2 科的统计分析………………………………………………………………………5

3.3 属的统计分析………………………………………………………………………6

3.4 植物生活型组成……………………………………………………………………7

3.5 区系分布类型与分析………………………………………………………………7

3.5.1 科的地理成分分析………………………………………………………7

3.5.2 属的地理成分分析………………………………………………………8

3.6 植物资源………………………………………………………………10

3.6.1 药用植物资源………………………………………………………10

3.6.2 食用植物资源………………………………………………………10

3.6.3 芳香植物资源………………………………………………………10

3.6.4 观赏植物资源………………………………………………………11

3.6.5 工业原料植物资源…………………………………………………11

4 结论…………………………………………………………………………………12

4.1 现状总结…………………………………………………………………12

4.2 存在的问题………………………………………………………………12

4.3 对策与建议………………………………………………………………13

致谢 …………………………………………………………………………………14

参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………15

附录A 盐城湿地滩涂植物名录………………………………………………………17

附录B 盐城湿地滩涂植物常见物种图片……………………………………………31