稀土铈对太子参生长和品质的影响毕业论文

 2021-04-20 11:04

摘 要

:【目的】本文通过探究稀土元素铈处理对太子参的生长及品质产生的影响,以其提高太子参的产量和改善太子参的品质,为太子参的高效栽培提供理论依据。【方法】在林地栽培条件下,通过叶面喷施不同质量浓度的稀土元素铈(CK、25 mg/L、100 mg/L、400 mg/L、700 mg/L)后,对太子参的生长指标及药用成分氨基酸、皂甙、糖类进行测定,并进行数据分析。【结果】采用不同质量浓度的稀土元素铈处理后,与对照相比,太子参的各项生长指标(苗高、地径、主根长、块根长、块根直径、块根鲜、干重和单位面积产量鲜、干重)均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,呈明显的浓度效应,其中以400 mg/L的硝酸铈处理促进效果最好,分别比对照增长55.41 %、35.09 %、5.59 % 、36.46 %、12.84 %、10.89 %、11.62 %、42.59 %和41.83 %。硝酸铈处理对太子参的块根药用成分也有不同程度的促进作用,其中各处理组中块根内氨基酸含量以700 mg/L硝酸铈处理组含量最高,但400 mg/L硝酸铈溶液处理增加了药用氨基酸比例和必需氨基酸比例;太子参皂甙含量以700 mg/L硝酸铈溶液处理效果最好,比对照增加24.26 %;单糖含量随着硝酸铈质量浓度的增加,各个单糖的含量均呈现先增加后下降的趋势,其中以400 mg/L硝酸铈溶液处理组效果最佳。相关性分析表明,太子参块根中皂甙含量与组氨酸呈显著正相关,与鼠李糖 半乳糖含量呈极显著负相关性。【结论】适宜质量浓度的稀土元素铈处理,不仅可以有效促进太子参的生长,增加太子参的产量,还可以提高太子参的药用成分含量,改进太子参的品质。同时,研究也表明不同指标对铈的敏感性不同,因此在生产实际中应根据需要,在苗木生长的不同阶段合理选择调控质量浓度。

关键词:太子参;硝酸铈;生长;品质

Effects of cerium nitrate on the growth and quality of Pseudostellariaheterophylla

Abstract:【Objective】In this paper, according to explore the rare earth element cerium treatment on the impact of growth and quality of P. Heterophylla was studied, with its increase the yield of P. Heterophylla and improve the quality of P. Heterophylla and provide theoretical basis for efficient cultivation of P. Heterophylla.【Method】Under the condition of forest cultivation, through different mass concentrations of rare earth element cerium (CK, 25 mg/L, 100 mg /L, 400 mg/L, 700 mg/L) adopt the method of spraying on the leaf after processing, the active ingredients ofP. Heterophylla growth index and determination of saponins, amino acids, sugars, and data analysis. 【Results】After treatment with different concentrations of rare earth element cerium, compared to the growth indicators of P. Heterophylla (seedling height, ground diameter, main root length, root length, root diameter, root fresh and dry weight and yield per unit area of the fresh and dry weight) tend to reduce after the first increase, a significant concentration effect, of which 400 mg/L cerium nitrate process to promote the best effect, respectively, compared with increased by 55.41 %, 35.09 %, 5.59 %, 35.09 %, 12.84 %, 10.89 %, 11.62 %, 42.59 % and 41.83 %. Cerium nitrate on the root active components of P. Heterophylla have different degrees of promoting function, and the content of amino acids in the roots of the treated groups was the highest at 700 mg/L cerium nitrate, but the treatment of 400 mg/L cerium nitrate solution increased the medicinal amino acid and essential amino acids; The result of the treatment of cerium was the highest amount in the case of the 700 mg/L nitrate solution, which was 24.26 % higher than the control. The content of carbohydrate increased with the increase of cerium nitrate concentration, and the content of each monosaccharide tend to increase before falling, of which the treatment with 400 mg/L cerium nitrate solution was the best. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the content of saponins in the roots of P. Heterophylla and histidine, and negatively correlated with the content of rhamnose galactose. 【Conclusion 】Rare earth cerium treatment with suitable

mass concentration could not only be effective the growth ofP. Heterophylla, increase the yield of P. Heterophylla but also can improve the content of active ingredients ofP. Heterophylla, also can improve the quality of P. Heterophylla. At the same time, the study also showed that the sensitivity of different indicators on cerium is different, so in the production practice should be based on the need for reasonable growth in the different stages of seedling control concentration.

Keywords:P. Heterophylla; cerium nitrate; growth; medicinal ingredients

目录

1 文献综述 -1-

1.1太子参研究概况 - 1 -

1.2 稀土元素的作用研究 - 2 -

1.3 稀土元素的作用机制 -3-

1.4 本研究的目的及意义 -3-

2 材料与方法 - 5 -

2.1 试验地与材料 - 5 -

2.2 试验设计 - 5 -

2.3 测定指标及方法 - 6 -

2.3.1 生长指标的测定 - 6 -

2.3.2 块根品质的测定 - 6 -

2.4 数据处理方法 - 8 -

3 结果与分析 -9-

3.1稀土铈对太子参生长指标的影响 - 9 -

3.2对太子参氨基酸含量的影响 - 10 -

3.3 对太子参皂甙含量的影响 -12-

3.4对太子参单糖含量的影响 - 12 -

3.5太子参皂苷含量与氨基酸含量的相关性 -13-

3.6太子参皂苷含量与单糖含量的相关性 -14-

4 讨论与结论 - 15 -

4.1 讨论 - 15 -

4.2 结论 - 16 -

4.3 不足与创新………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… - 16 -

致谢 - 17 -

参考文献 - 18 -

1 文献综述

1.1太子参研究概况

太子参(Pseudostellariaheterophylla (Miq.) Pax),别名孩儿参、童参,系石竹科多年生草本假繁缕属植物孩儿参的干燥块根[1]。是一种临床常用中药材,具有益气健脾、生津润肺、养精益气之功效,对治疗脾胃虚弱、食欲不振、倦怠无力、病后虚弱以及神经衰弱、小儿夏季热等症状有很好的疗效。现代医学研究表明,太子参具有抗应激、抗疲劳、降低血糖血脂、增强机体免疫力、延长寿命的作用,并且也在治疗很多如糖尿病、心血管疾病、白血病、哮喘病等重大疾病中发挥着重大作用[2]

目前,太子参的研究主要是体现在对太子参块根内的化学成分的分析,太子参的块根内含有众多的脂类如棕榈酸、亚油酸、1-亚油酸甘油酯、吡咯-2-羧酸-3′-呋喃甲醇酯等、多糖(果糖、淀粉)、游离氨基酸(精氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸为主)、微量元素(铁、锌、锰等)[3]。其中环肽类、皂苷和多糖的研究更为深入。研究表明,鉴定太子参品质的重要指标主要是依据皂苷和多糖含量的多少来评判[4]

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