雌雄银杏对干旱胁迫的光合响应差异研究毕业论文

 2021-04-20 11:04

摘 要

银杏(Ginkgo biloba Linn.)是银杏科银杏属的单科单属裸子植物,为第四纪冰川运动后遗留下来的最古老的孑遗植物,素有“活化石”之称,也是中国特产树种之一。银杏因其较高的科研价值、观赏价值、药用价值、和经济价值,在中国、法国、美国、韩国、加拿大等世界各国广泛种植。雌雄异株植物作为一个特殊的植物群体,是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分。由于雌雄个体繁殖成本及生存策略的性别差异,使雌雄植株在相同的生活环境中表现出不同的形态结构、生理生化、空间分布和资源配置等。干旱是限制植物生长发育的主要非生物因子之一。干旱引起植物体内多项生理生化指标的变化,导致生理系统紊乱,严重时甚至导致植物的死亡。银杏具有较强的干旱适应性,但目前研究主要集中在银杏单个性别对干旱胁迫的响应方面,并未涉及两性。光合作用下降是干旱胁迫时一种普遍现象。因此,本文以抗旱性强的雌雄异株植物银杏为对象,人工模拟干旱胁迫,研究雌雄间在形态结构、生理生化及叶绿素荧光参数上的差异,揭示雌雄银杏遭受干旱胁迫时性别间光合作用差异响应的生理机制及采取的不同适应策略。研究结果为品种改良和栽培种植提供科学依据。主要结果如下:

在温室大棚内对两年生雌雄银杏扦插苗进行为期80 d的干旱胁迫,观察干旱胁迫下银杏雌雄株的形态、生理生化及叶绿体超微结构的变化,研究其干旱适应性。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著抑制了银杏雌雄株的生长发育和光合作用,严重破坏了雌雄植株的抗氧化系统和光合系统。然而与雄性植株相比,雌性植株表现出更好的生长适应性。雌性植株具有较高的SOD、POD活性,总叶绿素,净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度和叶绿素a/b。另一方面,雌性植株在干旱胁迫下具有较低的H2O2、O2-含量。在叶绿体超微结构方面,干旱显著改变了叶绿体结构,但相同胁迫条件下,雌性植株的叶绿体结构呈现出较好的完整性。因此,干旱胁迫下,银杏雌性植株比雄性植株表现出更强的光合能力、自我保护机制和干旱适应性。

关键词银杏;雌雄异株;干旱胁迫;生理差异;叶绿素荧光参数

Differences in male and female ginkgo Photosynthetic Response to Drought Stress

ABSTRACT

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba Linn.) Is a single subject Ginkgo Ginkgo single genus of gymnosperms, after Quaternary glacial movement legacy of the oldest relict plant, known as the "living fossil", is one of China's specialty species . Ginkgo biloba because of its high scientific value, ornamental value, medicinal value and economic value, in China, France, the United States, South Korea, Canada and other countries in the world widely grown. Dioecious plants as a special group of plants, is an important part of terrestrial ecosystems. Since the male and female reproductive costs and gender differences in survival strategy, so that male and female plants in the same living environment exhibit different morphology, physiology and biochemistry, spatial distribution and resource allocation. Drought is limiting plant growth and development of one of the major non-biological factors. Drought-induced changes in a number of physiological and biochemical indexes of plants, leading to physiological disorders, severe and even lead to death of the plant. Ginkgo has strong adaptability to the drought, but the current study focused on the response to a single gender aspects of ginkgo to drought stress, did not involve gender. Photosynthesis decline is a common phenomenon when drought stress. Therefore, this paper drought-resistant plant ginkgo is dioecious objects, artificial drought stress, study the differences in the structure, physiology and biochemistry chloroplast proteome between male and female forms and revealed photosynthesis sex between male and female ginkgo when drought stress differences in response to physiological mechanisms of adaptation and adopt different strategies. The results provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of improved varieties and cultivation. The main results are as follows:

      In the greenhouse on male and female ginkgo biennial cutting seedlings for a period of 80 d of drought stress, drought stress was observed Ginkgo male and female plants morphological, physiological and biochemical changes and chloroplast ultrastructure study the suitability of drought. The results showed that drought stress significantly inhibited the growth and photosynthesis of Ginkgo male and female plants, and serious damage to the photosynthetic system and antioxidant system of male and female plants. However, compared with the male plants, female plants show a better growth adaptability. Female plants have higher SOD, POD activity, total chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate, CO2 concentration intercellular, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll a / b. On the other hand, the female plants with lower H2O2, O2- content under drought stress. Chloroplast ultrastructure, drought significantly alter the structure of the chloroplast, but under the same stress, chloroplast structure of the female plants exhibit good integrity. Thus, under drought stress, ginkgo female plants than male plants exhibit greater photosynthetic capacity, self-protection mechanism and drought adaptability.

Keywords: Ginkgo, Dioecious Tree, Drought Stress, Physiological , Chloroplast Proteome

目 录

1 前言………………………………………………………………………………………6

1.1 研究背景………………………………………………………………6

1.2 研究目的…………………………………………………………………………7

1.3 国内外研究进展………………………………………………………………………7

1.3.1 植物抗旱性研究进展…………………………………………………8

1.3.2 干旱对植物形态及生理生化的影响 ………………………………………8

1.3.3 植物响应干旱胁迫的分子机制………………………………………………10

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