百花园人工近自然群落构建探索毕业论文

 2021-04-20 11:04

摘 要

本文以位于游子山国家森林公园边界过渡地带的拟建百花园项目为研究对象,应用样方调查法,调查了百花园周边植物群落的组成,从植物群落组成、植物群落活力2个方面,并以植物群落地域特色、植物群落植物物种的Simpson指数、Shannon-wiener指数、Pielou指数和植物群落郁闭度为指标,使用层次分析法,构建人工植物群落设计的基础。以此探索此体系在人工近自然群落构建应用效能,对华东地区同类型同类园区建设提供技术参考。主要结论如下:

1、初步筛选了人工近自然群落构建的植物种类,乔木种类有,朴树、麻栎、黄连木、杉木、冬青、化香树等;灌木种类有,小蜡、野山楂、山胡椒、小果蔷薇、金樱子、山莓、木莓、胡颓子、卫矛、栀子、芫花等。

2、为人工近自然群落构建设计了较为稳定的乔木-灌木植物群落模式,包括朴树-小蜡-山胡椒-小果蔷薇-卫矛群落;麻栎-野山楂-小果蔷薇-金樱子群落;黄连木-小蜡-山胡椒-小果蔷薇群落;杉木-小蜡-山胡椒-金樱子-芫花群落;冬青-山胡椒-栀子群落;化香树-山胡椒-胡颓子群落等。

3、建立人工近自然群落构建的评价体系,设定人工近自然度的评价等级,分为IV、III、II、I级别,分别代表低近自然、接近自然、近自然、高度近自然。

4、根据近自然度等级划分,将百花园分为低近自然区、接近自然区、近自然区、高度近自然区,分别构建IV级植物群落、III级植物群落、II级植物群落、I级植物群落。

5、总结出朴树、小蜡、山胡椒数量的近自然配比为2:1:1;朴树胸径的近自然配比胸径≤10cm:10cm<胸径≤15cm:15cm<胸径≤20cm:胸径>20cm为1:2:3:1。

关键词:近自然;植物群落;构建;评价体系;游子山

Exploring of artificial close-to-nature

plant communities’ building in Baihua garden

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the project to build Baihua garden is the research object, which is located in the national forest park Youzi mountain boundary transition zone. Using the method of quadrat investigation surveyed the composition of plant community around Baihua garden. From two aspects of the composition of the plant community composition and plant community vitality, and take regional characteristics of plant communities, plant community species Simpson index, Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index and vegetation canopy density as targets. Then making use of the analytic hierarchy process, so as to build the foundation of the artificial close-to-nature plant community design. On the basis of preliminary work, explore the efficiency of technical system in artificial close-to-nature community building, which provides technical reference for construction of the same type garden in East China. Main conclusions are as follows:

1. Preliminary screening plant species of the artificial close-to-nature community building. Arbor, Celtis sinensis, Quercus acutissima, Pistacia chinensis, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Ilex chinensis, Platycarya strobilacea, etc; shrub, Ligustrum sinense, Crataegus cuneata, Lindera glauca, Rosa cymosa, Rosa laevigata, Rubus corchorifolius, Rubus swinhoei, Elaeagnus pungens, Euonymus alatus, Gardenia jasminoides, Daphne genkwa, etc.

2. Designing a stable mode, arbor-shrub, for artificial close-to-nature community building. Including the Celtis sinensis-Ligustrum sinense-Lindera glauca-Rosa cymosa-Euonymus alatus community; the Quercus acutissima-Crataegus cuneata-Rosa cymosa-Rubus corchorifolius community; the Pistacia chinensis-Ligustrum sinense-Lindera glauca-Rosa cymosa community; the Cunninghamia lanceolata-Ligustrum sinense-Lindera glauca-Rosa laevigata-Daphne genkwa community; the Ilex chinensis-Lindera glauca-Gardenia jasminoides community; the Platycarya strobilacea-Lindera glauca-Elaeagnus pungens community; etc.

3. Establishing artificial close-to-nature plant community building evaluation system, and setting up artificial nearly natural degree evaluation level that can be defined as IV, III, II, I, representing separately the little close to nature, low close to nature, close to nature, highly close to nature.

4. According to the close-to-nature hierarchies, Baihua garden can be divided into little close to nature part, low close to nature part, close to nature part, highly close to nature part. Building respectively IV plant community, III plant community, II plant community and I plant community.

5. Summing up the number of Celtis sinensis, Ligustrum sinense, Lindera glauca nearly natural ratio is 2:1:1; Celtis sinensis nearly natural ratio of diameter at breast height DBH≤ 10cm: 10 cm < DBH≤15 cm:15 cm<DBH≤20cm:DBH>20cm is 1:2:3:1.

Key words:close-to-nature; plant community; building; evaluation system;

Youzi mountain

百花园人工近自然群落构建探索

目 录

前 言 1

1. 文献综述 2

1.1 近自然群落构建 2

1.2 国外近自然发展研究概况 2

1.3 国内近自然发展研究概况 3

1.4 国内近自然近年发展研究概况评价 4

2. 研究的主要内容与方法 5

2.1 研究目的、内容与方法 5

2.1.1 研究目的 5

2.1.2 研究内容 5

2.1.3 研究方法 5

2.1.3.1 样地调查法 5

2.1.3.2 层次分析法 5

2.1.4 分析计算 6

2.1.4.1 群落成员型判定 6

2.1.4.2 评价指标获取 7

2.1.4.3 近自然度综合评价指数的计算 8

3. 调查研究结果与分析 10

3.1 调查研究结果 10

3.1.1 调查方法 10

3.1.1.1 样地调查 10

3.1.1.2 样方设置 11

3.1.1.3 数据采集 11

3.1.2 数据来源 11

3.1.3 周边植物群落近自然度评价 12

3.1.3.1 指标体系层次的建立 12

3.1.3.2 植物群落组成权重计算 12

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