摘 要

风信子作为世界五大球根花卉之一，在世界上被广泛栽培。其起源较为简单，但变异却是相当丰富的，存在大量整倍体和非整倍体变异。减数分裂是性细胞分裂时，染色体只复制一次，细胞连续分裂两次，染色体数目减半的一种特殊分裂方式。减数分裂不仅是保证物种染色体数目稳定的机制，同且也是物种适应环境变化不断进化的机制。它是生物有性生殖的基础，是生物遗传、生物进化和生物多样性的重要基础保证。研究风信子的减数分裂染色体行为，对于判别其与其他属间杂交结果、探讨风信子属植物派间亲缘关系以及指导风信子遗传改良等具有一定的理论与实践意义。本研究以三个不同染色体数目的风信子品种橙色Gipsy Queen， 2n=2X=16，紫色Amsterdan（2n=3X=24），黄色City of Hearlem 2n=3X-1=23为实验材料，进行了减数分裂染色体行为分析。研究结果表明，Gipsy Queen在减数分裂的各个阶段都表现正常，而Amsterdan和City of Hearlem在减数分裂中期I主要配对形成多价体，在后期I则观察到明显的落后染色体，而在City of Hearlem的末期II中观察到大量微核。这为风信子不同品种间育性的差异提供了细胞学证据。

关键词：风信子；减数分裂；染色体行为

Analysis of chromosome's behavior in meiosis of hyacinth

ABSTRACT

As one of the world's five bulbous flowering plants in the world , the hyacinth is widely cultivated, having a simple origin but abundant variations with a large number of euploids and aneuploids. The meiosis is a special division of halving the number of chromosomes way. The chromosomes replicate only once when cell division twice in a row. The meiotic is not only to ensure the stability of chromosome number , and also to adapt to environmental change evolving.It is the basis of biological sexual reproduction. And it is also an important basis to ensure genetic, biological evolution and biodiversity. Studying meiotic chromosome behavior of hyacinth can help us determine its hybridization with other species, explore the genetic relationship between the hyacinth and guidance hyacinth plant genetic improvement. In this study, we have three different varieties of hyacinths chromosome number as experimental materials were meiotic chromosome behavior analysis. We use Gipsy Queen with orange, (2n=2X=16), Amsterdan with purple,(2n=3X=24) and City of Hearlem with yellow, (2n=3X-1=23) . The results show that, Gipsy Queen are in various stages of meiosis was normal, but The Amsterdan and City of Hearlem in metaphase I mainly paired to form multivalent. We can observe lagging chromosomes obviously in the latter. However, we observe a large number of micronuclei In the City of Hearlem final II . This provides cytological evidence of differences in fertility between different varieties of hyacinths.

Key words：Hyacinth；Meiosis；Chromosome behavior

目 录

1 文献综述………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 风信子的生长生产………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.1 风信子形态特征及生长习性……………………………………………………………1

1.1.2 基本繁殖体系及育种……………………………………………………………………3

1.1.3 风信子的种球生产………………………………………………………………………4

1.2 风信子的细胞学研究……………………………………………………………………………4

1.3 减数分裂 ……………………………………………………………………………………… 4

1.3.1 减数分裂的基本概述 …………………………………………………………………… 4

1.3.2 减数分裂的生物学意义…………………………………………………………………4

1.3.3 染色体在减数分裂时期的一般表现……………………………………………………5

1.4 国内外研究现状和发展趋势 …………………………………………………………………… 5

1.4.1 国外研究现状及发展趋势………………………………………………………………5

1.4.2 国内研究现状及发展趋势………………………………………………………………6

1.4.3 特色与创新………………………………………………………………………………6

2 材料与方法………………………………………………………………………………………………6

2.1 植物材料…………………………………………………………………………………………6

2.2 试验方法…………………………………………………………………………………………7

3 结果与分析………………………………………………………………………………………………8

3.1 减数分裂各时期染色体在显微镜下的表现……………………………………………………8

3.2 结果分析…………………………………………………………………………………………11

结论 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………12

致谢 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………13

参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………………………14

1 文献综述

1.1 风信子的生长生产