摘 要

圆叶茑萝（Quamoclit pennata）属于菊亚纲(Asteridae)，旋花科(Convolvulac-eae)。是园林垂直绿化的重要花卉植物，原产美洲墨西哥热带，世界各地均有栽培，我国广泛栽植。但目前对于圆叶茑萝的研究报道较少。仅有的报道也主要是集中于茑萝的栽培与管理方面，对于茑萝的遗传组成更是一无所知。本试验以茑萝种子为试验材料，采用土壤栽培和培养皿萌发的方式进行生根，获得根尖后，通过不同的预处理方式对根尖进行处理后，进行染色体制片，对茑萝的染色体进行核型分析。试验结果表明在秋水仙素、8-羟基喹啉、以及冰水混合物三种预处理方法，都可以得到较好的分裂项。但茑萝染色体较小，采用秋水仙素和8-羟基喹啉在很短的时间就使的染色体高度浓缩，虽然有利于确定茑萝的染色体数目，但无法对点状染色体进行性核型分析。冰水混合物是最适合进行茑萝根尖染色体分析预处理的最佳试剂。染色体分析结果显示，茑萝的染色体数目为2n=2x=30,核型公式为2n=30=20m 2sm 8st属于2B型。

关键词：圆叶茑萝 有丝分裂 染色体 核型分析

Quamoclit pennata chromosome analysis

ABSTRACT

Originated in tropical of America Mexico, cultivated throughout the world and wid-ely planted in our country, Quamoclit pennata, belonging to Asteridae of Convolvulaceae, is an important plants of vertical garden green. But the research and report on quamocli-t pennata is quiet less. Knowing nothing about the genetic composition of cypress, the only report is mainly focused on the cultivation and management of cypress. In this exp-eriment, cypress seeds are used as experimental material and rooting with soil cultivation and Petri dish germination method are used to get the root tip. Once obtaining root tip, we tend to use various pretreatments to get chromosome producer which is prepared to have karyotype analysis of chromosome of cypress. Test results show that a better split can be got after the three pretreatments which are respectively the colchicine, 8-hydroxy- quinoline, and the mixture of ice and water. However, small as the cypress chromosome is, the use of colchicine and 8- hydroxyquinoline makes the chromosome highly conce-ntrated in a very short time. Although the chromosome number of cypress can be easily determined, it is impossible to have karyotype analysis on the chromosomes dots. The m-ixture of ice and water is the most suitable reagents for the pretreatment of analyzing r-oot tip of chromosome. According to chromosome analysis, the chromosome number of c-ypress is 2n=2x=30.Its karyotype formula was 2n=30=20m 2sm 8st and the karyotypes belong to category 2B of Stebbins.

Key words：Quamoclit pennata.；Mitosis; chromosome ；karyotype analysis

目 录

1 前言.............................................................................................................................................1

2 文献综述......................................................................................................................................3

2.1 植物有丝分裂的概念..........................................................................................................................3

2.2 植物有丝分裂的周期.........................................................................................................................3

2.3 有丝分裂中期对于核型分析的意义.................................................................................................3

2.4 有丝分裂的生物学意义.......................................................................................................3

2.5 对染色体进行预处理的原因................................................................................................4

2.6 对染色体进行预处理的方法................................................................................................4

2.7 对不同植物染色体进行预处理方法的研究......................................................................................5

2.7.1 预处理条件对翅果油树愈伤组织染色体制片的影响.............................................................5

2.7.2 不同预处理对裕民无刺红花中期细胞数的影响.....................................................................5

2.7.3 预处理对麻黄属植物的影响.....................................................................................................6

2.7.4 预处理方法对芒属植物染色体的影响.....................................................................................6

2.7.5 不同预处理对树型金银花染色体的影响.................................................................................6

2.7.6 不同预处理对刺五加染色体的影响.........................................................................................6

2.7.7 不同预处理药剂及预处理时间对菊花染色体制片效果的影响.............................................7

3 试验材料与方法.............................................................................................................................................8

3.1 试验材料............................................................................................................................................8

3.1.1 植物材料...................................................................................................................................8

3.1.2 试剂配方...................................................................................................................................8