中国马褂木、北美鹅掌楸及其杂种减数分裂染色体行为分析毕业论文

 2021-04-20 11:04

摘 要

鹅掌楸(Liriodendron)属于木兰科(Magnoliaceae),鹅掌楸亚科(Subfam Liriodendroideae)。该亚科在新生代有十余种,到第四纪冰期大部分绝灭,现在仅残存有2个种。一个种为马褂木(又名中国马褂木、鹅掌楸、中国鹅掌楸)(Liriodendron chinense Sarg.),分布于长江流域以南各省及越南北部。另一种是北美鹅掌楸(L.tulipifera),分布于北美东南部的美国和加拿大。本试验以庐山种源的中国马褂木,北美鹅掌楸,以及其两者的杂种的花药为材料进行减数分裂中期I染色体配对构型分析。试验结果表明,北美鹅掌楸及中国马褂木减数分裂终变期主要形成二价体,极少有单价体的出现。但在杂种减数分裂过程中,常常会观察到单价体和多价体的出现。因此,我们推测中国马褂木和北美鹅掌楸虽然属于鹅掌楸属的不同种,但两者的亲缘关系较近,只在个别染色体上存在差异。中国马褂木与北美鹅掌楸在进化过程中很可能存在染色体相互异位。

关键词:中国马褂木,北美鹅掌楸,减数分裂,单价体,二价体,多价体

Meiosis Chromosomes behavior of Liriodendron、Magnoliaceae and their hybrids

Abstract

Liriodendron belonged to the family Magnoliaceae, Subfamily Liriodendroideae which included more than ten species during the Cenozoic, but most of them had been extinction at quaternary glacial period. And now only two species survived, one was Liriodendron chinense Sarg. which dispersed through southern basin of Yangtze River, the southern province and northern of Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the other was L.tulipifera which was dispersed in the southern east of northern America, including America and Canada. Liriodendron was not only a precious tree species for roadside and ornamental but also good timber for building and furniture. In this research, L.tulipiferaL. chinense Sarg. and their hybrids were used to analyze the configurations at PMC MI. The result showed that most of the L.tulipifera and L. chinense Sarg. PMC cell formed bivalent, univalent was rarely seen. But univalents and multivalents were always observed in the hybrids. So we deduced though L.tulipifera and L. chinense Sarg. were two species of Liriodendron, but they had a near relationship, and difference only presented in individual chromosome. So chromosome translocation may occur during the evolution of L.tulipifera and L. chinense Sarg.

Key wordsL. chinense Sarg.;L.tulipifera;Meiosis;univalent;bivalent;multivalent

目 录

1 文献综述………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 中国马褂木及北美鹅掌楸的生物学特征.....……………………………………………………1

1.1.1 中国马褂木……...................................................……………………………………1

1.1.2 北美鹅掌楸…………………………........................................…………………………1

1.2 植物减数分裂染色体行为研究................…………………………………………………2

1.2.1 减数分裂异常行为的主要类型及形成机制……..................................………………2

1.2.2 异形二价体.............................................................................................................……3

1.2.3 染色体桥.....................................................................................................……3

1.2.4 不均等分离.....................................................................................................……4

1.2.5 减数分裂过程中落后单价体、断片以及微核..............................................……4

1.2.6 多分孢子.....................................................................................................……5

1.3 减数分裂异常现象的细胞学意义................………………………………………………5

1.4 国内外对鹅掌楸的研究现状.................................………………………………………………6

1.4.1 生殖能力研究……………….....................................…………………………………6

1.4.2 杂交育种…............................................………………………………………………6

2 研究内容及计划…………........…………………………………………………………………7

2.1 研究的目的和意义…................…………………………………………………………………7

2.1.1 研究目的…...........................……...........…………………………………………7

2.2.2 研究意义…...........................……...........…………………………………………7

2.2 实验材料与方法………….......………………………………………………………………7

2.2.1 实验材料…...........................……...........…………………………………………7

2.2.2 实验方法…..........................……...........…………………………………………7

3 结果与分析……………………………………………..................…………………………………8

3.1 实验结果…................................…………………………………………………………………8

3.1.1 不同大小花苞中小孢子母细胞分裂时期的确定………………………………………8

3.1.2 中国马褂木、北美鹅掌楸及其杂种减数分裂染色体行为分析…………………………9

3.1.3 显微镜拍摄照片及分析.....................................................…………………………10

3.2 分析…....................................…………………………………………………………………13

结论 ..................................................................…………………………………………………………14

致谢 ........................................................…………………………………………………………15

参考文献 ..................................................................……………………………………………………16

1 文献综述

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