茉莉花文化探讨毕业论文

 2021-04-20 11:04

摘 要

本文初次尝试从植物学角度对茉莉花及其花文化进行追根溯源地探讨,寻找茉莉花文化的本源;再回归文化领域,沿着数千年来茉莉花文化在我国传承的足迹,重新审视茉莉花文化的传播途径、传播方式以及其传播历程,逐层次探讨茉莉花文化的演变。论文通过“文献追述法”查阅大量有关于茉莉花文化的文献资料;“实地踏查法”走访存在并使用“茉莉花”的相关寺庙;“民间访谈法”访问茉莉花种植地的居民和寺庙僧人对茉莉花的认知;以及“综述法”对以上信息进行分类整合;循序渐进地探索茉莉花文化。结果发现,人们所认为的“茉莉花随着佛教传入我国”这一观点存在诸多疑问;笔者认为,佛教进入中原后,跟随佛教传播传承的茉莉花文化的载体是中国广布的野茉莉(安息香Styrax japonicus),而非江南的热带茉莉(Jasminum sambac)。我国花卉文化起源较早、历史悠久,在长期的传承过程中难免出现文化断层、造成传播错位;在今后探讨花文化的过程中,若能将植物学与文化相结合,综合多个领域交叉分析,能更好地丰富花文化;将文学与科学相融合,不断探索、求证历史真相,让中华民族文化熠熠生辉。

关键词:茉莉;花文化;安息香;传承;断层The preliminary exploration of Jasmine Culture

Abstract

This paper first attempted to explore the origin of Jasmine and its culture from the perspective of botany, then traced back to the discussion, fond Jasmine cultural roots; Return to the cultural sphere, along with thousands of years of Jasmine flower culture in Our Heritage Trail, re-examine the transmission and its process of Jasmine culture, and explore the evolution of the Jasmine flower culture by degrees. Based on "the literature retrospection", refer to a large number of literature on Jasmine culture; by the way of "Field survey method", author visited temples witch exists and uses "Jasmine"; by the method of "Folk interviews", author can recognize the native and the monks’ cognition to Jasmine where is Jasmine’s birthplace ; Through literature study, classify the above information integration and explore the Jasmine culture step by step. It was found that the point of view as "Jasmine was introduced into China by Buddhism and they spread together" existed many doubts; The author hold the view that, after Buddhism entering the central plains, it is Styrax japonicus that followed the spread of Buddhism and is the carrier of Jasmine culture inheritance, rather than the south tropical Jasmine (Jasminum sambac). Chinese flower culture started early and has a long history, in the long propagation, faults appears unavoidably during the transmission of culture, and caused by dislocation; In the future, when exploring the process of flower culture, we can combine the botany to culture, comprehensive analysis with different fields, and to enrich our culture; The literature mixed with science, continuously exploring and proving the historical truth, making the Chinese nation culture shine around the world.

Key words: Jasmine; Flower culture; Benzoin; Inheritance; Fault

目 录

前 言 1

1 文献综述 2

1.1花文化研究背景 2

1.2茉莉花文化研究概述 2

1.2.1国内研究成果 3

1.2.2国外涉猎范围 4

1.3综述总结 5

2 研究方法及内容 5

2.1文献追述法 5

2.2访谈法 5

2.3.1实地踏查法 6

2.3.2专家访谈法 7

2.3综述法 7

2.3.1茉莉花的物态种类 8

2.3.2茉莉花的传播路径 9

2.3.3茉莉花的行为素养 10

2.3.4茉莉花的精神内涵 11

3 研究结果与讨论 12

3.1研究结果 12

3.1.1茉莉花的别名 12

3.1.2茉莉花的传播方式 12

3.1.3茉莉花的传播路径 13

3.1.4茉莉花的栽培历史 13

3.1.5茉莉花与佛教的传承渊源 14

3.1.6《茉莉花》原是佛教音乐 15

3.1.7茉莉花的古代诗歌文化 16

3.2讨论 18

结论 ………………………………………………………………………………………………19

致谢………………………………………………………………………………………………19

参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………20

前言

茉莉(Jasminum sambac),音译自其梵名Mallika,别名“末利”、“抹厉”、“没利”等[1];热带、亚热带长日照偏阳性植物,喜温畏寒,喜光怕阴[2]。茉莉最初被作为佛教用花,用于祭祀、婚丧等隆重场合,在佛书中又名曰“鬘华”、“柰花”,被尊为“圣花”。

丝绸之路在汉朝被打通之后,“圣花”也跟随佛教远道而来。最初只有在佛教寺庙、皇室家族才能栽植茉莉;唐宋年间,经济政治达到鼎盛时期,当权者重视文化立国,茉莉出现了民间种植,文人墨客也逐渐开始关注、赞咏茉莉;明清时期,《本草》记载茉莉已入药用,歌曲《茉莉花》歌词也有了明文记载[3],茉莉花得到广泛发展;上世纪以来,民歌《茉莉花》大肆流行,以茉莉花为题材的影视作品(如意大利歌剧《图兰朵》、电影《茉莉花开》)也相继登上银幕;再加之近年来在百姓生活中不可或缺的茉莉花元素(茉莉花茶、如茉莉精油、茉莉化妆品),使得“茉莉花”逐步进入并丰富了人们的物质实用和精神文化生活。

也正是由于“茉莉花”的流行和茉莉花文化的广泛传播,人们更加热爱茉莉花、传唱歌曲《茉莉花》并栽植茉莉花。但在被称为“茉莉花故乡”的南京六合[4],并没有找到热带茉莉(Jasminum sambac),却发现了大量的野茉莉(安息香Styrax japonicus)。由于植物生活习性对气候的要求,使热带茉莉无法在长江流域露地越冬,茉莉花文化的载体断层给当地文化地传承造成错位。笔者从植物角度出发,对茉莉花文化的变迁和传承进行分析与整理,从其传承历程探讨茉莉花文化的变迁及其载体的更迭。

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