不同银杏品种叶片颜色变化与黄酮积累的关系研究毕业论文

 2021-04-20 11:04

摘 要

通过每隔7天取样,研究了金叶银杏、雌株和雄株银杏三种叶片的叶绿素含量和黄酮及内酯含量的动态变化,探讨三种银杏叶片色素变化与黄酮积累的关系。主要结果有:金叶银杏中色素含量低于其他两种银杏,在银杏的叶绿素组成中叶绿素a为主,但金叶银杏类胡萝卜素/总叶绿素比值远高于其他两种银杏。4月10日3种银杏黄酮和内酯的含量达到最高,而叶绿素含量较低,类胡萝卜素相对较高。在4月24日之前金叶银杏的黄酮和内酯都高于雄株和雌株银杏,之后到5月份其含量低于雌株和雄株。银杏叶黄酮、内酯和PAL酶与总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素成负相关,而与类胡萝卜素/叶绿素之比呈正相关。

关键词:银杏;黄酮;叶绿素;叶片颜色

The study on the relationship between the accumulation of flavonoids with chlorophyll content in leaves of three Ginkgo biloba L. varieties

ABSTRACT

The accumulation of flavonoids and chlorophyll content in leaves of three Ginkgo biloba L. including gold leaf trees, female trees and male trees were studied through every 7 days sampling leaves and discussed the relationship between the accumulation of flavonoids and pigment changes in three kinds of ginkgo leaves. The results was that : the pigment content in gold leaf trees was lower than the female and male trees. However the ratio of total carotenoid/chlorophyll in gold leaf ginkgo trees was significantly higher than other two kinds of trees. On April 10, the flavonoids content and terpene lactones in three Ginkgo trees reached the highest, while the chlorophyll content was lower and carotenoids was relatively high. In late April (April 24) flavonoids content declined in gold leaf Ginkgo trees, however the flavonoids content in leaves of the female and male Ginkgo trees began to increase from late April to early May. The flavonoids content, terpene lactones and PAL activity in female trees were positively correlated with the ratio of carotenoid and chlorophyll, while were negatively correlated with chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, carotenoids content.

Key words:Ginkgo; Flavonoids; Chlorophyll; Leaf color

目 录

1 前言 - 1 -

1.1 研究背景 - 1 -

1.2 研究现状 - 1 -

1.2.1 不同产地、品种对银杏叶片有效成分的影响 - 1 -

1.2.2 不同银杏种质资源对银杏叶片有效成分的影响 - 1 -

1.2.3 不同采叶时间对银杏叶片有效成分的影响 - 2 -

1.2.4 不同树龄和雌雄株对银杏叶片有效成分的影响 - 2 -

1.2.5 不同采叶部位、加工方法对银杏叶片有效成分的影响 - 2 -

1.2.6 不同气候、土壤条件对银杏叶片有效成分的影响 - 2 -

1.2.7 不同光照强度、时间、光质对银杏叶片有效成分的影响 - 3 -

1.2.8 不同家系和无性系间对银杏叶片有效成分的影响 - 3 -

1.3 研究目的和意义 - 3 -

2 材料与方法 - 5 -

2.1 材料的选择 - 5 -

2.2 取样与预处理 - 5 -

2.3 测定方法 - 5 -

2.3.1 银杏叶片含水量测定 - 5 -

2.3.2 叶片色素测定 - 5 -

2.3.3 黄酮含量测定 - 5 -

2.3.4 内酯含量测定 - 6 -

2.3.5 苯丙氨酸氨解酶(PAL)测定 - 6 -

2.3.6 SOD的测定 - 6 -

2.4 数据处理 - 6 -

3 结果与分析 - 7 -

3.1 3种银杏中含水量变化 - 7 -

3.2 3种银杏叶中叶绿素含量变化 - 7 -

3.3 银杏叶中相关酶活性变化 - 10 -

3.4 3种银杏叶黄酮含量的变化 - 11 -

3.5银杏叶内酯含量变化 - 11 -

3.6叶绿素和类胡萝卜素与黄酮和内酯的关系 - 12 -

结 论 - 14 -

致 谢 - 15 -

参考文献 - 16 -

1 前言

1.1 研究背景

银杏(Ginkgo biloba)是古老的孑遗植物,素有“活化石”之称。现为广泛栽培树种,可广泛用于园林绿化、木材加工及天然药物的提取,具有极高的研究开发价值。我国拥有世界银杏资源的 70%以上[1]。银杏叶、果、树皮均可入药,尤其是叶的药用价值最高[2]。银杏叶主要含黄酮类(flavonoids)和萜烯内酯(terpene lac-tones)类化合物[3]。银杏叶提取物(GBE)具有清除自由基,抑制细胞膜脂质过氧化作用;拮抗PAF(platelet-activating factor)引起的血小板聚集、微血栓的形成;改变血液流变性,增加血液流速,降低血液粘度,改善微循环障碍;对脑部血液循环及脑细胞代谢,有较好的改善及促进作用;提高免疫能力;提高呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、生殖系统的功能;有抗菌、消炎及抗过敏、抗病毒、抗癌等作用[4,5]

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