摘 要

本论文以我国东部地区的柳杉优良无性系7个二年生扦插苗为材料，采用盆栽盐胁迫处理方法，研究不同NaCl胁迫对柳杉各指标的影响。

在实验中，主要研究了柳杉在盐胁迫下的形态指标和生理指标。形态指标以生长势的差异来区分柳杉无性系植株的耐盐性，由植株的外形不同体现耐盐性的差异。生理指标主要是叶片的相对电导率（S/m），丙二醛（MDA），超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化物酶（POD）等，相对电导率反映柳杉叶片细胞膜的受破坏程度，电导率高的，膜破坏严重，POD 和SOD与植株的耐盐性正相关，丙二醛（MDA）是膜质过氧化的最终产物。

柳杉的叶尖、叶缘和叶脉对NaCl胁迫敏感。盐胁迫对柳杉的苗高，生物量等有明显的抑制作用。也在一定程度上影响柳杉的外观形态，严重时，会造成柳杉植株死亡。柳杉植株受盐胁迫影响后，柳杉无性系J1号和57号，POD和SOD活性增加显著；59号和56号，受盐胁迫的影响后，MDA的积累量增加。柳杉的各生理指标间不是简单的线性关系，而在一定程度上于一定区间，出现某些交互影响。对柳杉幼苗的整体指标或者外观形态来说，多种生理因素间协同作用明显。通过隶属函数分析，柳杉不同无性系之间耐盐性存在较大差异，其中柳杉无性系j1号和57号在整体程度上的耐盐能力较强；而59号和65号则相对较弱，对盐的敏感性较高。这7个柳杉无性系的耐盐能力排序为：j1号gt;57号gt;011号gt;70号gt;52号gt;59号gt;65号。

关键词：柳杉；NaCl胁迫；抗盐性；生理指标

Analysis of salt tolerance in different clones of Cryptomeria fortunei

ABSTRACT

This paper was to study the effects of different NaCl stress on each index of the C.fortunei by means of potted salt stress treatment methods, using superior clones of seven biennial cutting seedlings of Cryptomeria fortune in country's eastern region as materials.

The potted salt stress method was to obtain the morphological and physiological indicators of C. forturnei under salt stress. Morphological indicators was to distinguish the salt tolerance of clonal plant of the C. fortune. And different shapes of plant reflected the differences of the salt tolearance. The Physiological indicators included relative conductivity (S / m), MDA, SOD, and POD etc.The elative conductivity (S / m) reflected the extent of the damage of the cell membrane of C. fortunei leaf, and high conductivity made the cell membrane severely damaged. POD and SOD were positively related to the plant salt tolerance. MDA was the final product of lipid peroxidation.

The tip, margin and veins of the C. fortunei were sensitive to NaCl stress. The salt stress inhibited the height, biomass significantly and also, to some extent, affected the appearance and shape of C. fortune. Sometimes serious salt stress could cause plant death. Under salt stress, the POD and SOD activity of C. fortunei clones No. J1 and No. 57 increased significantly, and the accumulation of MDA of No. 59 and No. 56 increased . The relation between different physiological indicators in C. fortune were not simple linear relationship. To some extent, some interaction occured in certain intervals. From the angle of the overall index, or the C. fortunei seedling morphology, the synergy between the various physiological factors worked significantly. Through membership function analysis, there was a big difference between different clones cedar tolerance, in which cedar clones No. 57 and j1 have stronger salt tolerance in the overall extent; while No. 59 and No. 65 were relatively sensitivity to high salt. This ability to sort salt cedar of the seven clones were as follows: No. J1gt; No. 57gt; No. 011gt; No. 70gt; No. 52gt; No. 59gt; No. 65.

Key words：Cryptomeria fortunei；NaCl stress；Salt resistance；Physiological indicators

目 录

1文献综述 - 1 -

1.1 林木耐盐性研究的重要意义 - 1 -

1.1.1 土壤盐碱化是全球性难题 - 1 -

1.1.2 盐胁迫对植物的影响 - 1 -

1.2 植物耐盐性原理研究 - 3 -

1.2.1 耐盐性植物的生理指标研究 - 3 -

1.2.2 植物适应盐环境的结构变化 - 4 -

1.2.3 盐胁迫下，植物的信息传递 - 4 -

1.3 植物耐盐性鉴定方法 - 4 -

1.3.1 直接鉴定法 - 4 -

1.3.2 生理鉴定法 - 4 -

1.4 应对盐胁迫的改良措施 - 5 -

1.4.1 环境改良 - 5 -

1.4.2 生物改良 - 5 -

1.5 研究中存在的问题 - 6 -

2 实验材料与方法 - 7 -

2.1 实验材料 - 7 -

2.2 实验方法 - 7 -

2.2.1 柳杉扦插苗的NaCl处理 - 7 -

2.2.2 形态指标 - 7 -

2.2.3 生理指标 - 7 -

2.3 耐盐性分析 - 10 -

3 结果分析 - 11 -

3.1 盐胁迫对形态学指标的影响 - 11 -

3.1.1 盐胁迫后受害症状 - 11 -

3.1.2 胁迫后症状等级分析 - 12 -

3.2 盐胁迫对柳杉生理指标的影响 - 13 -

3.2.1 叶片相对电导率 - 13 -

3.2.2 过氧化物酶（POD）活性 - 14 -

3.2.3 丙二醛含量 - 16 -

3.2.4 SOD活性 - 16 -

3.3 柳杉耐盐性分析 - 17 -

4 结论与讨论 - 19 -

致 谢 - 21 -

参考文献 - 22 -

1文献综述

1.1 林木耐盐性研究的重要意义

1.1.1 土壤盐碱化是全球性难题

盐渍土是地球上分布广泛的一类土壤，全球约占可耕地面积10%的土地具有不同程度的盐渍化，我国盐渍化土地占可耕地面积的6.62%。近来，人类活动加速了土壤的盐渍化问题。盐碱化土壤约占全球可耕地面积的10％，我国约有0．2亿多hm²盐碱地，随着工业污染加剧、灌溉农业的发展和化肥使用不当等原因，次生盐碱化土壤面积还在继续扩大，给农业生产造成重大损失。根据Boyer(1982)统汁结果，1939—1978年间，影响作物产量的各种环境因素中干旱和盐碱造成的减产量高达4o％以上（张新春，2001）。