摘 要

本试验旨在探讨日粮中添加不同水平的纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵银杏叶对肉鸡生产性能和胸肌肉品质的影响。选用1日龄（1 d）健康、体重相近的AA肉仔鸡180只（pgt;0.05），按单因子完全随机设计分为3个处理，每个处理60只（含6个重复，每个重复10只鸡）。分别为基础日粮对照组（Cont.组）、0.3%纳豆芽胞杆菌发酵银杏叶添加组和0.6%纳豆芽胞杆菌发酵银杏叶添加组。结果表明：① 就生产性能而言，与对照组相比，在1-21 d、21-42 d和1-42 d的生长发育阶段，各组间的体增重(BWG）和采食量（FI）均无显著差异（pgt;0.05）。料重比（F/G）在1-21 d间在各组间无显著差异，但与对照组相比，F/G在21-42 d和1-42 d间有显著降低（plt;0.05）。②就胸肌肉品质而言，日粮处理对胸肌的pH_24h、24 h滴水损失、烹饪损失和剪切力均产生了显著的影响（plt;0.05）。同时，随日粮纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵银杏叶添加水平的增加，pH24h、24 h滴水损失、48 h滴水损失和剪切力成线性降低（p=0.005，p=0.001，p=0.034和p=0.023）。但48 h滴水损失在各处理组间差异不显著（pgt;0.05）。0.3%和0.6%组的烹饪损失和剪切力也比对照组有显著降低（plt;0.05），24-h滴水损失比对照组有显著降低（plt;0.05）。③就胸肌丙二醛（MDA）而言，不同比例的纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵银杏叶对肉鸡胸肌MDA含量产生了显著的影响（p=0.001）。与对照组相比，其他各组的MDA含量均有显著降低（plt;0.05或plt;0.01）。结论：添加不同水平的纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵银杏叶能够在一定程度上改善肉鸡的生产性能和胸肌肉品质，原因可能是胸肌中MDA含量的降低。

关键词：纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵银杏叶；肉品质；生产性能；肉鸡

Effects of bacillus natto-fermented-ginkgo leaves on growth performance and breast muscle quality of broilers

Abstract

The experiment studied the effects of bacillus natto-fermented-ginkgo leaves on growth performance and breast muscle quality of broilers. 180 one-day-old AA broiler chicks were randomly divided into three treatment groups, each of which had 6 pens of 10 chicks per pen. Birds in the control group were fed with the basal diets (Cont. group), or the basal diet supplemented with 0.3% or 0.6% bacillus natto-fermented-Ginkgo leaves, respectively for 42d. All broiler chickens were ad libitum access to the feed and water. The results showed that, (1) in terms of broilers’ breast muscle quality, compared with the Cont. group, in the period of 1-21d, 21-42d, and 1-42d, there is no significant effect on body weight gain (BWG) among the three groups (pgt;0.05). As for feed gain ratio (F/G), no difference was observed during 1-21d (pgt;0.05). However, F/G was observed to be decreased significantly during 21-42 d and 1-42 d compared with the Cont.. (2) In the terms of the breast muscle quality, dietary treatment had significant influence on pH_24h, drip loss of 24h, cooking loss, shearing force, respectively, of breast muscle (plt;0.05). Meanwhile, pH_24h, drip loss of 48h and shear force was reduced linear with the increasing of dietary fermented-Ginkgo leaves supplementation (p=0.005, p=0.001, p=0.034 and p=0.023). However, there is no significant difference on 48 h drip loss among the treatment groups (pgt;0.05). Compared with the control group, cooking loss and shear force of breast muscle in 0.3% and 0.6% groups were decreased significantly, and 24-h drip loss was decreased as well (plt;0.05). (3) With respect to malondialdehyde (MDA), compared with the control group, decrease MDA content was observed, and bacillus natto-fermented-Ginkgo biloba leaves of different proportions had significant influence on MDA concentrations (p=0.001). In conclusion, dietary bacillus natto-fermented-Ginkgo biloba leaves can improve the growth performance and breast muscle quality to some extent, as evidenced by the decrease in MDA.

Key words: bacillus natto-fermented-Ginkgo biloba leaves; meat quality; growth performance; broiler

目 录

前 言 1

1文献综述 2

1.1银杏 2

1.1.1银杏的简介 2

1.2.1银杏的分布 2

1.3.1银杏的作用 3

1.2芽孢杆菌 3

1.2.1芽孢杆菌的简介 3

1.2.2芽孢杆菌在生物制剂中的应用前景 4

1.2.3纳豆芽孢杆菌的简介及作用 4

1.3微生物发酵 4

1.3.1微生物发酵的简介 4

1.3.2微生物发酵的作用 4

1.3.3微生物发酵的研究和前景 5

1.4银杏叶微生物发酵的前景 5

2 材料与方法 6

2.1试验材料 6

2.2 试验设计与日粮配制 6

2.3胸肌MDA含量 8

2.4生长性能 8

2.5胸肌肉品质的测定 8

2.6样品的采集与制备 9

2.7数据统计与分析 9

3 结果与分析 9

3.1纳豆芽孢杆菌银杏叶发酵物对肉鸡生产性能的影响 9

3.2日粮添加银杏叶发酵物对42d肉鸡胸肌肉品质的影响 10

3.3胸肌MDA的含量 11

4结 论 12

讨 论 12

致 谢 14

参考文献: 14

前 言

传统抗生素能显著提高畜禽的生产性能，但这些抗生素在畜禽体内的残留容易造成食品安全性问题，而天然植物饲料添加剂具有绿色、安全、无毒副作用或毒副作用低等特点，因此开发天然植物资源作为抗菌药物的替代物已成为饲料领域的研究热点之一。

银杏又称白果，属裸子植物银杏科的单型种，银杏叶中含有黄酮类、萜类、酚类等多种活性成分，具有抗菌消炎、抗病毒、抗氧化能力等作用。银杏叶及银杏叶的提取物，已经被广泛应用于医疗、食品防腐剂、植物保护和化妆品等领域，但国内对银杏叶作为饲料添加剂的研究较少。本研究旨在利用银杏叶中活性物质的药用价值，用以替代抗生素，探求银杏叶在畜禽生产中的推广应用前景。